Auger



.(No Model.) l

A. Y. PEARL.

.AUGrERl vwewoz; A .Y. Pearl Patented Oct. 3, 1893.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. f

AZARIAH YELDON PEARL, OF WEST LEBANON, MAINE.

AU'GER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters lPatent No. 505,844, dated October 3, 1893.

Application filed May 17, 1893. Serial No. 474,547. (No model.)

To all'whom it may concern:

, Beit knownthat LAZARIAH YELDONPEARL, a citizen of the United States, residing at West Lebanon, in the county of York and State of Maine, have invented a new and useful Auger, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in augers; and the objects in view are to construct an auger so as to adapt it for cutting angular holes in one and the same operation; and to obviate in the construction of the auger the necessity of employing gear-teeth in addition to the side cutters for the purpose of operating the latter; to operate the side cutters by the twist or spiral of the auger; and to provide for a convenient detachment of the several parts for the purpose of sharpening or repair or for a removal of any one or more of the parts when worn.

With these and various other obj ects in view the invention consists broadly in'an auger having located above its gimlet a guide-block and in opposite rotary cutters which are op# erated by the twist or spiral of the auger; and also, in certain other novel features of construction hereinafter specified and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

Referring to the drawings:-Figure l is a side elevation of an auger embodying my invention, the same being adapted for cutting large holes. Fig. 2 is a similar view, the auger having been given a quarter turn. Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view through the cutter-block. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal .sectional view. Fig. 5 is a detail in perspective of one of the revolving cutters. Fig. 6 is a similar view of the block, the cuttersrernoved. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of a slightly modified construction of auger, the same being designed for operating upon smaller work, or in other words, to be manufactured in the smaller sizes. Fig. 8 is a similar view, the auger having been given a quarter turn. Fig. 9 is a transverse sectional view through the block and cutters. Fig. 10 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view. Fig. 11 is an edge view of one of the rotary-cutters.

Like numerals of reference indicate 'like parts in all the figures of the drawings.

l designates the cylindrical shank of the auger and of that class especially adapted for the formation of large holes, or in other words to be manufactured in the larger sizes. The 'upper end of the shank is reduced and threaded as at 2, and has located thereon the angular head 3 by which the auger is adapted to be fitted within any suitable operating device or mechanism, as for instance a brace.

Previous to the application of the head 3 a sleeve 4 is slipped overA the shank l, and the same has its upperportion externally threaded as at 5 and its extremity made conical as at 6. A nut 7 which is exteriorly rectangular to receive a Wrench, and is interiorly cylindrical and threaded, is slipped over the shank and the upper end of the sleeve and at its upper end has an vinternal conical seat 8, which binds against the conical wall 6 of the sleeve and thus secures the said sleeve 4 upon the shank. The sleeve 4 has formed 'thereupon the usual twists or spirals 9, and

the same terminate short of the auger-point in rounded ends 10. The usual gimlet or auger-point 1l is in the present instance formed integral with the shank at the lower end thereof, and a space intervenes between the upper side of said point and the lower end 0f the said sleeve 4.

12 designates a blockfor cutter-head, the same'being of such depth as to loosely t between the upper side ofthe point 11 and the lower side of the sleeve 4. The said block is oblong in cross-section and is provided with a central bore 13 which loosely receives the shank. The opposite faces of the block are recessed at diagonally opposite points, as shown at 14, and itting in the recesses are chiselpointed stationary blades l5. The blades 15 whose side edges are beveled extend beyond the sides of the blocks to form guides. The blades are held in position through the medium of small screws 16, which pass through the blades and into the sides or ends of the block. The under side of the block at one side of each blade is provided with a clearance channel 17 which extends up through the block upon an incline and is adapted to register with the clearance grooves kor spaces intermediate the twists of the IOO ed to revolve upon these bearing studs 18 are opposite side cutters 19, which cutters extend above the block as shown and are provided with a series of radially cutting arms 2O having cutting lips 19n at their sides, and whose outer cutting edges 2Oa are disposed at an angle to the axes of the cutters, and in rear of each tooth there is formed a curved recess 21 with which the lower rounded ends 10 of the spirals 9 are designed to engage, the outer corners of the recess forming facial cutters 201. The cutters have their1 centers provided with coun-tersunk openings 22, which litover the aforesaid studs 18 and which receive the heads 23 of the screws 24, which serve the purpose of retaining the cutters in position. The opposite narrow sides of the block 12 between fthe cutters have formed at their lower edges by reason of the production of the clearance channel upon the under side of the block, the beveled or chisel-pointed corners or cutting blades 25, and froml the sides of these blades the guide-blades 15 extend.

In operation the auger is employed like an ordinary` boring-tool, that is, revolved either through the medium of a hand-brace or by suitable machinery, and the penetrating point or boring end 11 first forms the circular opening. The revolving of the auger causes the spirals 9 to engage at their lower ends with the teeth or recess 2l of the two cutters and revolve said cutters in reverse directions, which squares two of the sides and the four angles of the opening. The` interinefiiate` part or remaining sides of the opening are,

squared by the stationary blades 25, the guide-blades 15` taking into the fiber of the wood and keeping the device steady. The shavings formed by the cutters pass out through the clearance channels 17 and into the clearance channels of the spirals, by which they are conducted to the top of the hole in the usual manner.

In the modification referred to26 repre- Q sents the shank which in the present instance for the purpose of strengthening the device as a whole, has the twist 27 formed integral therewith. The shank ends abruptly at the lower end and is provided with an axial bore 28. Into this bore fits the spindle-portion 29 of theboring-point 30, and said spindle-portion is provided at one side with a seat 31 which is engaged by the inner end of a screw 32 which is threaded in an opening 33 formed in one` of the spirals and has its head countersuiik in said opening. Upon. this spindle there isloosely mounted the` block 34, Whose opposite narrow sides are provided with vertical stationary cutters 36 produced by the clearance channels 37, and at diagonally opposite corners are provided with vertical ribs 38, which take the place of the guide-blades 15 in the former construction.

or studs 89 extend from theopposite faces of the block, are exterior-ly smooth and interiorly threaded, and serve as bearings for The trunnions A the revolving cutters 40, which cutters are ot' a formation 'corresponding to that heretofore described and are secured in position by the countersunk screws 41. In this latter construction it will be seen I avoid the multiplicity of parts employed in the former construction and simplify and strengthen the device considerably. The operation is precisely the saine as that heretofore described, and consequently need not be particularized.

Various changes in the details of construction of my invention will readily suggest `themselves to those skilled in this class of vrotary cutters carried by the bearings and having peripheral teeth engaged by the ends of the twist, substantially as specified.

2. In an auger, the combination With a shank having a twist and below the same a boring point, of anintermediateblock having opposite stationary cutters, and provided upon its remaining sides with opposite bearings, and rotary cutters mounted upon the `bearings and having peripheral teeth engaged by the ends of the twists, substantially 1 as specified.

3. In an auger, the` combination with a shank having a twist and below the same a boring point, of a block loosely mounted on the shank between the point and twist and having opposite vertical stationary cutters, .and guides` located at the sides, thereof, said y block being provided at its remaining sides with bearings,and rotary cutters mounted on the bearings, substantially as` specified.

Il. In an auger, the combination with a shank having a twist and below the same a boring point, of an intermediate block having opposite vertical` side cutters, and its opposite faces at diagonally opposite corners provided with shallow recesses and at one side of the same with bearing studsl internally threaded, vertical guide blades removably seated in said recesses and flush` with the faces having their outer edges extending beyond the vertical cutters, rotary cutters mounted on the studs or bearings and` screws IOO IIO

the lower ends of the twists ofthe shank, the outer edges of the recess being beveled to form facial cutters, substantially as specified.

6. The combinationwithacylindrical shank having an upper removable head, a sleeve having a twist at its lower end mounted on the shank, the upper end of the sleeve being conical and below the same provided with threads, a nut mounted on the sleeve and having a conical seat binding against that of the sleeve, and a bearing point at the lower end of the shank, of an intermediate block in which the shank is loosely journaled, opposite stationary vertical side cutters, bearings extending from the block between said cutters, and notched rotary cutters mounted on the bearings and engaged by the twists, substantially as specified. f

7. In an auger, the combination with a shank having a twist terminating in lower rounded ends and below the same provided with a boring point, of a block in which the shank is loosely journaled, opposite stationary cutters, opposite rotary cutters operated by the twist, and clearance channels formed in rear of the side cutters, and upwardly disposed and communicating with the clearance channels formed by the twist, substantially as specied.

8. In an auger, the auger shank provided at its lower end with a boring point, and above the same with a block having stationary side cutters, and the rotary cutters carried by the block and operated by the twists of the auger shank, as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

l AZARIAH YELDON PEARL.

Witnesses:

HARRY V. MOORE, JOHN P. MESENE. 

